實驗室廢棄物安全處理的基本原則包括及時處理、分類處理、集中收集、定點存放、標識清楚、專人負責等方面。

　　The basic principles of laboratory waste safety treatment include timely treatment, classified treatment, centralized collection, fixed-point storage, clear identification, special person responsible, etc.

　　1、及時處理

　　1. Deal with it in time

　　實驗中產(chǎn)生的廢棄物，要及時進行處理，并將處理流程形成制度，貫徹“即產(chǎn)生即處理”的思想和制度，減少其擴散、污染的時間。

　　The waste generated in the experiment should be treated in time, and the treatment process should be formed into a system. The idea and system of "treat as you produce" should be implemented to reduce the time of diffusion and pollution.

　　2、分類處理

　　2. Classification processing

　　實驗室廢棄物復雜多樣，應依據(jù)制定的廢棄物分類標準進行合理分類，定期進行安全處理。且不同廢棄物間可能會發(fā)生化學反應或交叉污染，會加大污染幾率，因此還應防止造成二次污染。

　　Laboratory waste is complex and diverse, so it should be reasonably classified according to the established waste classification standards, and treated safely on a regular basis. And chemical reaction or cross pollution may occur between different wastes, which will increase the probability of pollution. Therefore, secondary pollution should be prevented.

　　3、集中收集、定點存放

　　3. Centralized collection and fixed point storage

　　實驗室內(nèi)設置指定的廢棄物收集地點，設立不同功能的房間，分別為固廢暫存室、廢液暫存室、其他廢物暫存室等。

　　The laboratory is equipped with designated waste collection sites and rooms with different functions, including solid waste temporary storage room, waste liquid temporary storage room and other waste temporary storage rooms.

　　實驗室裝修

　　4、標識清楚

　　4. The mark is clear

　　實驗室內(nèi)應將一般固廢和危險固廢分開存放，因此應設置至少2種顏色的垃圾桶。一種為一般固廢垃圾桶，主要存放一般固廢；另一種為危險固廢垃圾桶，主要存放實驗室中產(chǎn)生的接觸?；?、其他還有毒物質(zhì)的固廢。生物或醫(yī)學實驗室，還應配有明顯標識的利器盒，專門存放處銳塑皮棄物。

　　The general solid waste and hazardous solid waste should be stored separately in the laboratory, so at least two kinds of color bins should be set up. One is a general solid waste bin, which mainly stores general solid waste; The other is the hazardous solid waste bin, which mainly stores the solid waste generated in the laboratory in contact with hazardous chemicals and other toxic substances. The biological or medical laboratory should also be equipped with a sharp tool box with obvious identification, and a special storage place for sharp plastic waste.

　　5、專人負責

　　5. Special person in charge

　　從分類收集、貯存保管、到處理處置等各個環(huán)節(jié)，都必 須由專人負責，并建立相應環(huán)節(jié)的安全操作規(guī)程SOP和文件記錄，以便于溯源管理。

　　Special person must be responsible for all links from classified collection, storage and storage to treatment and disposal, and SOP and document records of corresponding links shall be established to facilitate traceability management.

　　如何處理實驗室廢氣？

　　How to deal with laboratory waste gas?

　　1：實驗室產(chǎn)生的少量廢氣一般可以通過通風裝置直接排至室外。

　　1: A small amount of waste gas produced in the laboratory can be directly discharged to the outside through the ventilation device.

　　2：HCl、硫化氫等酸性氣體，可以用堿液吸收，如濃度很低則可以通過抽風設備排放到室外。

　　2: HCl, hydrogen sulfide and other acidic gases can be absorbed by lye, if the concentration is very low, they can be discharged to the outdoor through the exhaust equipment.

　　3：毒性大的氣體可以參考工業(yè)廢氣處理辦法，用吸附、吸收、氧化、分解、熱解、焚燒等方法處理后排放。

　　3: Toxic gases can be treated by adsorption, absorption, oxidation, decomposition, pyrolysis, incineration and other methods.